The 11 most beautiful old towns in Germany

The Roman-ancient Porta Nigra in Trier, the Gothic Holsten Gate in Lübeck and the Romanesque cathedral in Bamberg - sometimes a city walk turns into a veritable journey into the past. In Germany, there are many cities where just that is possible. We present the eleven most beautiful old towns here: 

Table of contents:
1. Quedlinburg
2. Rothenburg ob der Tauber
3. Trier
4. Heidelberg
5. Lübeck
6. Wismar
7. Goerlitz
8. Celle
9. Erfurt
10. Mulhouse
11. Bamberg

Over ancient cobblestones, through alleyways and past half-timbered houses from six centuries, a city walk leads through the former royal palatinate and first capital of the East Franconian Empire. Today, the 10th-century collegiate church of St. Servatii in particular is a reminder of the glorious past of the city in the Harz Mountains, which was the political center of German kings and emperors for centuries.

Buried in the collegiate church are Henry I, the first German king to unite the German duchies, and his wife Mathilde, who founded the important women's monastery. And something else can be seen in the monumental Romanesque building: The famous cathedral treasure, which fascinates with goldsmith's work, fine ivory carvings and valuable manuscripts from the Middle Ages. Together with its old town and the Renaissance castle from the 16th century, Quedlinburg has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 

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Towers, gables, gates, winding alleys and an ensemble of colorful half-timbered houses - this small Bavarian town is regarded throughout the world as a landmark of German (medieval) romanticism. Its most famous sight is the Plönlein, which translates as the "square by the fountain." What is actually meant, however, is a quaint half-timbered house with a pointed roof that juts crookedly into the old town alley. Right next to it is the Kobolzell Gate from 1360 and the Sieber Tower, which leads into the old hospital quarter. 

If you don't want to miss any detail of the historical synthesis of the arts, you are well advised to take a guided tour of the city. The starting point is the market square, which is dominated by the massive Renaissance town hall. The oldest pictorial representation of Rothenburg's marketplace can then be seen in St. Jacob's Church from the 14th century. The church, which as the name suggests is located on the Way of St. James to Santiago de Compostela, houses another treasure: the valuable Altar of the Holy Blood by Tilman Riemenschneider, the famous Renaissance sculptor.

It can't be proven quite so precisely. But according to everything that archaeologists and historians have discovered, Trier is the oldest city in Germany. The oldest surviving buildings date back to Roman settlement in ancient times. At that time - the 4th century - the city on the Moselle experienced a real heyday as an imperial substitute residence for Rome and a bulwark against the Germanic tribes. Today, an amphitheater where gladiator fights used to be held, the imperial baths with underground passages and an impressively large throne room - the Basilica of Constantine - bear witness to Trier's rich past. And then, of course, there's the Porta Nigra, once a proud symbol of Roman emperors' monopoly on power, now the city's landmark. In 170 AD, the Romans began building the city gate, which has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Auf das 12. Jahrhundert geht Heidelberg zurück. Und da die Stadt am Neckar die Kriege der letzen Jahrhunderte nahezu unversehrt überstanden hat, fühlt man sich in Heidelberg schnell zurückversetzt in längst vergangene Zeiten. Genau genommen in das 17. Jahrhundert, als das heute noch erhaltene barocke Stadtbild von Heidelberg entstanden ist. Noch weiter zurück liegt die Gründung der Universität, die 1386 eröffnet wurde und damit die älteste Hochschule Deutschlands ist. Wo man das Studentenflair heute besonders gut erleben kann? Zum Beispiel auf der Neckarwiese am Fuße des Heiligenbergs. Man gelangt über die historische Alte Brücke hin, die sich in mehreren Rundbögen über den Neckar spannt. Von der Neckarwiese hat man auch eine tolle Aussicht auf das Schloss, das sich am anderen Ufer am Nordhang des Königstuhls über der Altstadt erhebt. Rauschend sollen die Feste im Schloss gewesen sein, das einst mit den kaiserlichen Residenzen in Wien und Prag mithalten konnte und zu denen Friedrich II., Elisabeth Stuart und andere hochrangige Monarchen geladen waren. Wer sich zu Fuß zum Heidelberger Schloss begeben möchte, hat die Wahl zwischen dem Burgweg und den Treppenstufen Kurzer Buckel. Oder doch lieber schwebend nach oben mit der Bergbahn?

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It's off to a good start! Lübeck, the Hanseatic city on the Baltic Sea, welcomes its visitors as they walk in with its proudest landmark: the striking Holsten Gate with its red brick walls and twin towers. And behind it? Lübeck exudes the typical charm of a northern port city: winding alleys and streets lead into the heart of the Hanseatic city and allow city strollers to stumble upon the most beautiful sights as if by chance. There is the Holy Spirit Hospital with its Gothic frescoes. Since the Middle Ages, the shape of the monumental building has hardly changed; as one of the oldest social institutions in Europe, it embodies Lübeck's history as a rich Hanseatic city. On the market square, the town hall from 1225 stands out with its ornate facades. Hidden behind red walls are also the worth seeing gardens and courtyards of the monasteries and convents. Since the medieval town layout and the historic building fabric have been preserved to this day, UNESCO has declared the entire medieval old town center a World Heritage Site. The seven towers of the Gothic brick churches, which characterize the cityscape in their unmistakable way, are also part of it.

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The pre-Pomeranian town of Wismar has prospered as a Hanseatic city, and several magnificent buildings and monuments bear witness to its glorious past. The lovingly restored gabled houses of the port city on the Baltic Sea were built as stately homes for the aspiring middle classes. The spires of the three mighty Gothic brick churches make visitors:inside look up in awe. And on the market square, the Renaissance town hall and the large fountain from the 17th century are fascinating. Perhaps the most valuable landmark, however, can be found on the east side of the market square: The Old Swede, one of the city's oldest town houses with an impressive brick facade dating from 1380. With all the Scandinavian flair wafting around one's nose in Wismar, one already suspects that the building's name was not chosen entirely by chance. Indeed, the restaurant inside, which was established in 1878, is also reminiscent of the time when Wismar belonged to the Swedish Kingdom. 

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Mittelalterliche Hallenhäuser, begehbare Wehranlagen, Häuser mit Gründerzeit- und Jugendstilfassaden, ein Renaissance-Rathaus und die domgleiche Pfarrkirche St. Peter und Paul. Weil Goerlitz Glück hatte im Zweiten Weltkrieg und von Zerstörung fast völlig verschont blieb, entwickelt sich ein Spaziergang durch die Grenzstadt an der Neiße schnell zu einer entzückenden Reise durch 500 Jahre europäische Baugeschichte. Unter den mehr als 4.000 historischen Baudenkmälern beeindruckt eines ganz besonders: der Schönhof, ein Renaissancebau, der früher zu den vornehmsten Häusern von Görlitz gehörte. Wer das einstige fürstliche Gästehaus betritt, findet sich im Schlesischen Museum wieder, das die tausendjährige Kulturgeschichte der Region erlebbar macht. 

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In Celle's old town, quaint houses huddle close together to form an ensemble of half-timbered houses that is unique in the world. One of the most magnificent is the Hoppener Haus from 1532, a half-timbered building with a height of six stories and a façade decorated with elaborately carved mythical creatures, jester-like figures and other figurines. Also part of the old town is the 700-year-old, baroqueized town church of St. Marien with an altar from 1613. The special feature: From the 75-meter-high tower, the songs of the tower bell-ringer still resound today. Directly behind it is Celle Castle, which combines Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque stylistic elements and is surrounded by the green meadows and trees of the castle park.

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The Zitadelle Petersberg mit geheimnisvollen Horchgängen. Der monumentale Dom St. Marien mit romanischen und gotischen Einflüssen und der größten freischwingenden Glocke aus dem Mittelalter. Die mehr als 1000-jährige Alte Synagoge, in deren Keller der Erfurter Schatz mit Schmuck und Münzen aus dem Mittelalter aufbewahrt wird: In Erfurt reihen sich historische Sehenswürdigkeiten bunt aneinander.  

Das historische Herz der Landeshauptstadt Thüringens aber ist die aus dem 12. Jahrhundert stammende Krämerbrücke, die über die Gera führt und die längste vollständig bebaute Brücke Europas darstellt. Galerien, Antiquitäten, Buchläden und andere nette kleine Geschäfte haben sich in den gemütlichen Fachwerkhäuschen auf der Brücke angesiedelt, die Teil der historischen Handelsstraße Via Regia ist.

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Mulhousia turrita - Mühlhausen with its many towers - is what the Thuringian town was called in the Middle Ages. The reason for this are the thirteen Gothic churches and chapels, whose bell towers are visible from afar and characterize the townscape. The Gothic Church of St. Mary, the Kornmarktkirche, inside which a permanent exhibition tells of the Reformation, and the Divi Blasii Church with valuable stained glass and carved altar from the Middle Ages are just three of the houses of worship that bear witness to the 800-year history of the city. Other sights of the medieval imperial city are the historic fortifications and the Popperode fountain house from 1614, where the fountain festival has been celebrated every summer for many centuries.

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As you would expect from a city with UNESCO World Heritage status, Bamberg in Upper Franconia is full of historical sights. First and foremost is the historic city layout from the early Middle Ages with its winding alleys, plus the Romanesque imperial cathedral of St. Peter and St. George, the richly decorated old town hall and the Benedictine monastery of St. Michael. But Bamberg is also a historic gardening town, where vegetable gardening has been practiced since the 17th century. And the former fishing village "Little Venice" with its colorful half-timbered houses also contributes to the historical color. Because gondolas glide over the canals in Bamberg, a little Venetian flair really blows here. The city is also known as "Franconian Rome. The reason: Like Rome, Bamberg was built on seven hills. If you want to see for miles, hike up to Altenburg Castle, which was built in the early 12th century on the highest of the seven hills.

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Cover image: Like a fairy tale - Rothenburg ob der Tauber is regarded worldwide as a symbol of German (medieval) romance © Adobe stock/cge2010